Adaptive Streaming

Overview

Adaptive Bitrate (ABR) streaming delivers video at the optimal quality for each viewer’s bandwidth and device. Instead of a single file, an ABR package contains multiple encoded variants at different resolutions and bitrates, wrapped in a manifest that players use to switch between quality levels in real time.

Transcodely supports two streaming protocols:

Protocol	Manifest	Segment Format	Compatibility
HLS	`.m3u8`	fMP4 (CMAF) or `.ts`	Apple devices, most browsers, OTT players
DASH	`.mpd`	fMP4 (CMAF)	Android, smart TVs, web players

Creating an HLS Output

An HLS output packages multiple video variants into a master playlist with variant playlists for each quality level. Use the hls output type with an array of video variants:

curl -X POST https://api.transcodely.com/transcodely.v1.JobService/Create 
  -H "Content-Type: application/json" 
  -H "Authorization: Bearer {{API_KEY}}" 
  -H "X-Organization-ID: {{ORG_ID}}" 
  -d '{
    "input_origin_id": "ori_input12345",
    "input_path": "uploads/source.mp4",
    "output_origin_id": "ori_output6789",
    "outputs": [
      {
        "type": "hls",
        "video": [
          { "codec": "h264", "resolution": "1080p", "quality": "standard" },
          { "codec": "h264", "resolution": "720p", "quality": "standard" },
          { "codec": "h264", "resolution": "480p", "quality": "standard" }
        ],
        "segments": {
          "duration": 6,
          "gop_alignment": "aligned"
        }
      }
    ]
  }'

const job = await client.jobs.create({
  inputOriginId: "ori_input12345",
  inputPath: "uploads/source.mp4",
  outputOriginId: "ori_output6789",
  outputs: [
    {
      type: OutputFormat.HLS,
      video: [
        { codec: VideoCodec.H264, resolution: Resolution.RESOLUTION_1080P, quality: QualityTier.STANDARD },
        { codec: VideoCodec.H264, resolution: Resolution.RESOLUTION_720P, quality: QualityTier.STANDARD },
        { codec: VideoCodec.H264, resolution: Resolution.RESOLUTION_480P, quality: QualityTier.STANDARD },
      ],
      segments: {
        duration: 6,
        gopAlignment: GOPAlignmentMode.GOP_ALIGNMENT_MODE_ALIGNED,
      },
    },
  ],
});

job = client.jobs.create(
    input_origin_id="ori_input12345",
    input_path="uploads/source.mp4",
    output_origin_id="ori_output6789",
    outputs=[{
        "type": "hls",
        "video": [
            {"codec": "h264", "resolution": "1080p", "quality": "standard"},
            {"codec": "h264", "resolution": "720p", "quality": "standard"},
            {"codec": "h264", "resolution": "480p", "quality": "standard"},
        ],
        "segments": {
            "duration": 6,
            "gop_alignment": "aligned",
        },
    }],
)

job, err := client.Jobs.Create(ctx, &transcodely.JobCreateParams{
    InputOriginId:  proto.String("ori_input12345"),
    InputPath:      proto.String("uploads/source.mp4"),
    OutputOriginId: proto.String("ori_output6789"),
    Outputs: []*transcodely.OutputSpec{{
        Type: transcodely.OutputFormatHLS,
        Video: []*transcodely.VideoVariant{
            {Codec: transcodely.VideoCodecH264, Resolution: transcodely.Resolution1080P, Quality: transcodely.QualityTierStandard},
            {Codec: transcodely.VideoCodecH264, Resolution: transcodely.Resolution720P, Quality: transcodely.QualityTierStandard},
            {Codec: transcodely.VideoCodecH264, Resolution: transcodely.Resolution480P, Quality: transcodely.QualityTierStandard},
        },
        Segments: &transcodely.SegmentConfig{
            Duration:     proto.Int32(6),
            GopAlignment: transcodely.GOPAlignmentAligned,
        },
    }},
})

This produces a directory structure like:

job_abc123def456/out_xyz789/hls/
  master.m3u8                  # Master playlist
  h264_1080p.m3u8              # Variant playlist (1080p)
  h264_720p.m3u8               # Variant playlist (720p)
  h264_480p.m3u8               # Variant playlist (480p)
  init_0.mp4                   # Init segment (1080p)
  init_1.mp4                   # Init segment (720p)
  init_2.mp4                   # Init segment (480p)
  segment_0_00001.m4s          # Media segments...

Creating a DASH Output

DASH mirrors the HLS setup with a few key differences: set the output type to dash, and Transcodely writes an .mpd manifest (rather than the HLS .m3u8 master and variant playlists) backed by fMP4/CMAF segments. This example also uses a shorter 4-second segment duration:

curl -X POST https://api.transcodely.com/transcodely.v1.JobService/Create 
  -H "Content-Type: application/json" 
  -H "Authorization: Bearer {{API_KEY}}" 
  -H "X-Organization-ID: {{ORG_ID}}" 
  -d '{
    "input_origin_id": "ori_input12345",
    "input_path": "uploads/source.mp4",
    "output_origin_id": "ori_output6789",
    "outputs": [
      {
        "type": "dash",
        "video": [
          { "codec": "h264", "resolution": "1080p", "quality": "standard" },
          { "codec": "h264", "resolution": "720p", "quality": "standard" },
          { "codec": "h264", "resolution": "480p", "quality": "standard" }
        ],
        "segments": {
          "duration": 4
        }
      }
    ]
  }'

const job = await client.jobs.create({
  inputOriginId: "ori_input12345",
  inputPath: "uploads/source.mp4",
  outputOriginId: "ori_output6789",
  outputs: [
    {
      type: OutputFormat.DASH,
      video: [
        { codec: VideoCodec.H264, resolution: Resolution.RESOLUTION_1080P, quality: QualityTier.STANDARD },
        { codec: VideoCodec.H264, resolution: Resolution.RESOLUTION_720P, quality: QualityTier.STANDARD },
        { codec: VideoCodec.H264, resolution: Resolution.RESOLUTION_480P, quality: QualityTier.STANDARD },
      ],
      segments: {
        duration: 4,
      },
    },
  ],
});

job = client.jobs.create(
    input_origin_id="ori_input12345",
    input_path="uploads/source.mp4",
    output_origin_id="ori_output6789",
    outputs=[{
        "type": "dash",
        "video": [
            {"codec": "h264", "resolution": "1080p", "quality": "standard"},
            {"codec": "h264", "resolution": "720p", "quality": "standard"},
            {"codec": "h264", "resolution": "480p", "quality": "standard"},
        ],
        "segments": {
            "duration": 4,
        },
    }],
)

job, err := client.Jobs.Create(ctx, &transcodely.JobCreateParams{
    InputOriginId:  proto.String("ori_input12345"),
    InputPath:      proto.String("uploads/source.mp4"),
    OutputOriginId: proto.String("ori_output6789"),
    Outputs: []*transcodely.OutputSpec{{
        Type: transcodely.OutputFormatDASH,
        Video: []*transcodely.VideoVariant{
            {Codec: transcodely.VideoCodecH264, Resolution: transcodely.Resolution1080P, Quality: transcodely.QualityTierStandard},
            {Codec: transcodely.VideoCodecH264, Resolution: transcodely.Resolution720P, Quality: transcodely.QualityTierStandard},
            {Codec: transcodely.VideoCodecH264, Resolution: transcodely.Resolution480P, Quality: transcodely.QualityTierStandard},
        },
        Segments: &transcodely.SegmentConfig{
            Duration: proto.Int32(4),
        },
    }},
})

ABR Ladder Examples

An ABR ladder defines which resolution and bitrate combinations to include. Here are common ladder configurations:

Standard Ladder (Broad Compatibility)

Best for general web and mobile delivery. Three H.264 rungs step down from 1080p to 480p, plus a low-frame-rate 480p floor at 24 fps to hold up on the most constrained connections:

{
  "type": "hls",
  "video": [
    { "codec": "h264", "resolution": "1080p", "quality": "standard" },
    { "codec": "h264", "resolution": "720p", "quality": "standard" },
    { "codec": "h264", "resolution": "480p", "quality": "economy" },
    { "codec": "h264", "resolution": "480p", "quality": "economy", "framerate": 24 }
  ]
}

Premium Ladder (High Quality)

For OTT platforms and premium content. Five H.264 rungs span 4K (2160p) down to a 480p floor, with the top two at the premium quality tier for the sharpest picture on large screens:

{
  "type": "hls",
  "video": [
    { "codec": "h264", "resolution": "2160p", "quality": "premium" },
    { "codec": "h264", "resolution": "1080p", "quality": "premium" },
    { "codec": "h264", "resolution": "720p", "quality": "standard" },
    { "codec": "h264", "resolution": "480p", "quality": "standard" },
    { "codec": "h264", "resolution": "480p", "quality": "economy", "framerate": 24 }
  ]
}

Multi-Codec Ladder

Serve modern codecs to capable devices while keeping an H.264 fallback. This ladder pairs two AV1 rungs (1080p, 720p) with three H.264 rungs (1080p, 720p, 480p economy):

{
  "type": "hls",
  "video": [
    { "codec": "av1", "resolution": "1080p", "quality": "standard" },
    { "codec": "av1", "resolution": "720p", "quality": "standard" },
    { "codec": "h264", "resolution": "1080p", "quality": "standard" },
    { "codec": "h264", "resolution": "720p", "quality": "standard" },
    { "codec": "h264", "resolution": "480p", "quality": "economy" }
  ]
}

Players that support AV1 will select those variants for better quality at lower bitrates. Others will fall back to H.264.

Segment Configuration

Segment settings control how the video is split into chunks for streaming. These affect startup latency, seeking precision, and CDN efficiency.

Parameter	Default	Range	Description
`duration`	`6`	1—30	Segment duration in seconds
`gop_alignment`	`aligned`	`aligned`, `fixed`	How keyframes align with segments
`gop_size`	—	1—10	Fixed GOP size in seconds (only with `fixed` alignment)

Segment Duration Trade-offs

Duration	Startup Latency	CDN Efficiency	Seeking Precision
2s	Fast	More requests	Precise
4s	Good balance	Moderate	Good
6s (default)	Moderate	Efficient	Moderate
10s	Slower	Most efficient	Coarse

GOP Alignment

Aligned mode (default and recommended) sets the GOP size equal to the segment duration. This ensures each segment starts with a keyframe, enabling clean switching between quality levels:

{
  "segments": {
    "duration": 6,
    "gop_alignment": "aligned"
  }
}

Fixed mode uses a specific GOP size independent of segment duration. This is useful for ad insertion (DAI) workflows that require keyframes at specific intervals:

{
  "segments": {
    "duration": 6,
    "gop_alignment": "fixed",
    "gop_size": 2
  }
}

HLS Configuration

Customize HLS-specific behavior with the hls config object:

{
  "type": "hls",
  "video": [
    { "codec": "h264", "resolution": "1080p", "quality": "standard" },
    { "codec": "h264", "resolution": "720p", "quality": "standard" }
  ],
  "hls": {
    "manifest": "index",
    "segment_format": "fmp4",
    "playlist_type": "vod",
    "variant_pattern": "video_{resolution}"
  },
  "segments": {
    "duration": 6
  }
}

Parameter	Default	Description
`manifest`	`master`	Master playlist filename (without `.m3u8`)
`segment_format`	`fmp4`	`fmp4` (CMAF, recommended) or `ts` (legacy)
`playlist_type`	`vod`	`vod` (complete playlist) or `event` (append-only)
`variant_pattern`	`{codec}_{resolution}`	Pattern for variant playlist filenames

Note: The ts segment format only supports H.264. Use fmp4 for H.265, VP9, and AV1 codecs.

DASH Configuration

Customize DASH manifest naming:

{
  "type": "dash",
  "video": [
    { "codec": "h264", "resolution": "1080p", "quality": "standard" }
  ],
  "dash": {
    "manifest": "stream"
  }
}

Parameter	Default	Description
`manifest`	`manifest`	MPD filename (without `.mpd`)

DASH always uses fMP4 (CMAF) segments regardless of other settings.

Multi-Audio Tracks

For streaming outputs, you can include multiple audio language tracks:

{
  "type": "hls",
  "video": [
    { "codec": "h264", "resolution": "1080p", "quality": "standard" },
    { "codec": "h264", "resolution": "720p", "quality": "standard" }
  ],
  "audio": [
    { "language": "eng", "label": "English", "source_track": 0, "is_default": true },
    { "language": "spa", "label": "Spanish", "source_track": 1 },
    { "language": "fra", "label": "French", "source_track": 2 }
  ]
}

Audio tracks use ISO 639-2 three-letter language codes. The source_track field maps to audio track indices in the input file (0-based).

Per-Variant Pricing

Each variant in an ABR ladder has its own cost calculated from the variant’s codec, resolution, framerate, and quality tier. You can inspect per-variant pricing in the job response:

{
  "outputs": [
    {
      "variant_pricing": [
        { "index": 0, "resolution": "1080p", "codec": "h264", "estimated_cost": 0.106 },
        { "index": 1, "resolution": "720p", "codec": "h264", "estimated_cost": 0.0795 },
        { "index": 2, "resolution": "480p", "codec": "h264", "estimated_cost": 0.04 }
      ]
    }
  ]
}

Use delayed jobs to review per-variant costs before encoding begins.

Recommended Configurations

Use Case	Type	Codecs	Segment Duration
Mobile-first streaming	HLS	H.264	6s
Cross-platform OTT	HLS + DASH	H.264, H.265	4s
Premium VOD	HLS	H.264, AV1	6s
Low-latency preview	HLS	H.264	2s
Ad-supported content	HLS	H.264	6s (fixed GOP 2s)

#Adaptive Streaming

#Overview

#Creating an HLS Output

#Creating a DASH Output

#ABR Ladder Examples

#Standard Ladder (Broad Compatibility)

#Premium Ladder (High Quality)

#Multi-Codec Ladder

#Segment Configuration

#Segment Duration Trade-offs

#GOP Alignment

#HLS Configuration

#DASH Configuration

#Multi-Audio Tracks

#Per-Variant Pricing

#Recommended Configurations